{"id":550,"date":"2025-11-20T14:58:52","date_gmt":"2025-11-20T06:58:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/?p=550"},"modified":"2025-11-28T09:29:52","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T01:29:52","slug":"monoxide-scale-out-blockchains-with-asynchronous-consensus-zones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/?p=550","title":{"rendered":"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Wang J, Wang H. Monoxide: Scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones[C]\/\/16th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation (NSDI 19). 2019: 95-112.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e3a\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u53ef\u62d3\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8c03\u8282\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u505a DAG\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u94fe\u4e0b\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a<strong>\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6765\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u53bb\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5316\u727a\u7272\u592a\u5927\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u53d8\u5dee\u3002<\/strong>Monoxide \u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u3002<strong>\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u62c6\u6210\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u4e07\u4e2a\u201c\u5f02\u6b65\u5171\u8bc6\u533a\u201d\uff08Consensus Zones\uff09\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u72ec\u7acb\u6316\u77ff\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u9a8c\u8bc1\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u50a8\u3001\u72ec\u7acb\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e00\u3001Monoxide \u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u6269\u5c55\u7684\u4e24\u5927\u6839\u672c\u96be\u9898<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. \u533a\u5757\u662f\u987a\u5e8f\u751f\u6210\u7684 \u2192 \u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u65f6\u95f4\u95f4\u9694\u548c\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0b\uff0cTPS \u6c38\u8fdc\u4f4e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u7ba1\u591a\u5c11\u8282\u70b9\u53c2\u4e0e\u6316\u77ff\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u53ea\u80fd\u6bcf 10 \u5206\u949f\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\u533a\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. \u6bcf\u4e2a\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u8981\u5904\u7406\u6574\u4e2a\u8d26\u672c\u72b6\u6001 \u2192 \u7cfb\u7edf\u65e0\u6cd5\u6a2a\u5411\u6269\u5bb9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6240\u6709\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u8981\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u4fdd\u6301\u5168\u8d26\u672c\u5b58\u50a8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u505a\u5168\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u6267\u884c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u91cd\u590d\u9a8c\u8bc1\u6240\u6709\u4ea4\u6613<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e8c\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u4e00\uff08\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\uff09\uff1a\u5f02\u6b65\u5171\u8bc6\u533a\uff08Asynchronous Consensus Zones\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Monoxide \u628a\u5168\u7f51\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u6309\u524d k \u4f4d\u5207\u6210 2^k \u4e2a Zone\u3002<br>\u6bcf\u4e2a Zone \u5b8c\u5168\u72ec\u7acb\u8fd0\u884c\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u5c0f\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u201d\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u6bcf\u4e2a Zone \u90fd\uff1a\u81ea\u5df1\u6316\u77ff\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5b58\u50a8\u533a\u5757\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u7ef4\u62a4\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u6267\u884c\u4ea4\u6613<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6574\u4e2a\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7f51\u7edc\u60f3\u8c61\u6210<strong>\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u8d85\u5e02\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u6536\u94f6\u53f0<\/strong>\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6392\u961f\u5f88\u957f\u3002<br>Monoxide \u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d85\u5e02\u5206\u6210<strong>\u591a\u4e2a\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u5c0f\u8d85\u5e02\uff08\u5171\u8bc6\u533a\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u533a\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u6536\u94f6\u53f0\uff0c<strong>\u5e76\u884c\u5904\u7406\u4ea4\u6613<\/strong>\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u541e\u5410\u91cf\u6210\u500d\u63d0\u5347\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e09\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u4e8c\uff1aEventual Atomicity\uff08\u6700\u7ec8\u539f\u5b50\u6027\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u5141\u8bb8\u8de8\u533a\u4ea4\u6613\u5f02\u6b65\u3001\u5206\u6b65\u9aa4\u5b8c\u6210\uff0c\u4f46\u4fdd\u8bc1\u6700\u7ec8\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e00\u81f4\u3002<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8de8\u533a\u4ea4\u6613\u88ab\u62c6\u6210\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u5728 Zone A \u6267\u884c\u6263\u6b3e\uff08withdraw\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u751f\u6210 relay transaction\uff08\u8f6c\u53d1\u4ea4\u6613\uff09<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>relay \u9001\u5230 Zone B<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zone B \u6267\u884c\u5230\u8d26\uff08deposit\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u9501\u3001\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u963b\u585e\u3001\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u534f\u8c03\u5668\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6b7b\u9501\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u4e24\u8fb9\u533a\u5757\u90fd\u7ee7\u7eed\u4ea7\u751f\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u90fd\u4f1a\u5b8c\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"746\" height=\"272\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-5.png\"  class=\"wp-image-573\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-5.png 746w, https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-5-300x109.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 746px) 100vw, 746px\" title=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe\" alt=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe\u4e00\u3001\u8de8\u533a\u4ea4\u6613\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u56db\u3001\u521b\u65b0\u70b9\u4e09\uff1aChu-ko-nu Mining\uff08\u8fde\u5f29\u6316\u77ff\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5206\u6210\u591a\u533a\u540e\uff0c\u6bcf\u533a\u7b97\u529b\u53d8\u8584\uff0c51% \u653b\u51fb\u95e8\u69db\u4e0b\u964d\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u4e00\u6b21 PoW \u89e3\u51fa\u540e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u751f\u6210\u591a\u4e2a Zone \u7684\u533a\u5757\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u8bda\u5b9e\u77ff\u5de5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7b97\u529b\u88ab\u540c\u65f6\u653e\u5927 N \u500d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u5728\u6240\u6709 Zone \u90fd\u80fd\u53c2\u4e0e\u6316\u77ff<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u6240\u6709 Zone \u7684\u6709\u6548\u5b89\u5168\u5ea6 \u2248 \u5168\u7f51\u7b97\u529b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5bf9\u653b\u51fb\u8005\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u7531\u4e8e\u8981\u96c6\u4e2d\u7b97\u529b\u653b\u51fb\u4e00\u4e2azone<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u653b\u51fb\u4e00\u4e2azone\u6210\u672c \u2248 \u653b\u51fb\u5168\u7f51\u7684\u6210\u672c<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"810\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-9.png\"  class=\"wp-image-579\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-9.png 810w, https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-9-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-9-768x301.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" title=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe1\" alt=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe1\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"810\" height=\"310\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-10.png\"  class=\"wp-image-580\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-10.png 810w, https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-10-300x115.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-10-768x294.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 810px) 100vw, 810px\" title=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe2\" alt=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe2\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe\u4e8c\u3001\u8fde\u5f29\u6316\u77ff\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u6316\u77ff\u533a\u522b\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u4e94\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a\u5168\u7403 15 \u533a\u57df\u300148,000 \u8282\u70b9\u3001\u771f\u5b9e ERC20 \u56de\u653e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Monoxide \u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u90e8\u7f72\u4e2d\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1200 \u53f0 VM<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>48,000 \u8282\u70b9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u8de8 15 \u56fd\u5bb6\u533a\u57df<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u56de\u653e\u6240\u6709 ERC20 \u652f\u4ed8\uff087580 \u4e07\u7b14\u4ea4\u6613\uff09<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u541e\u5410\u63d0\u5347\uff1a<strong>1000 \u500d Bitcoin\/Ethereum<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u5bb9\u91cf\u63d0\u5347\uff1a<strong>2000 \u500d Bitcoin\/Ethereum<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u9996\u6b21\u786e\u8ba4\u5ef6\u8fdf\uff1a13\u201321 \u79d2\uff08\u4e0e\u4ee5\u592a\u574a\u76f8\u5f53\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"649\" height=\"306\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-11.png\"  class=\"wp-image-585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-11.png 649w, https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/image-11-300x141.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" title=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe3\" alt=\"Monoxide: Scale Out Blockchains with Asynchronous Consensus Zones\u63d2\u56fe3\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u56fe\u4e09\u3001\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ed3\u679c\u56fe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u516d\u3001Monoxide \u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5c40\u9650\u6027<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>1\u3001\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u591a\u5bf9\u591a\u8de8\u533a\u4ea4\u6613\uff08Many-to-Many\uff09\u3002Eventual Atomicity \u53ea\u80fd\u4fdd\u8bc1\u4e00\u6b21 relay \u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6027\u3002\u591a\u4e2a relay \u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u72b6\u6001\u4f9d\u8d56\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u505a\u5230\u201c\u5168\u90e8\u6210\u529f\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u5931\u8d25\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u613f\u5f15\u5165\u4e24\u9636\u6bb5\u63d0\u4ea4\uff082PC\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\u3001\u5355\u5730\u5740\u70ed\u70b9\uff08Single Address Hotspot\uff09\u4ecd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u74f6\u9888\u3002\u5206\u7247\uff08Zone\uff09\u6309\u5730\u5740\u7a7a\u95f4\u5212\u5206\uff1a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u5355 Zone \u53d8\u6210\u7cfb\u7edf\u74f6\u9888\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5740\u65e0\u6cd5\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u62c6\u5206\uff0c\u5168\u5c40\u70ed\u70b9\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u5747\u8861\u5230\u4e0d\u540c Zone\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3\u3001\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5168\u8282\u70b9\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u540c\u6b65\u5e76\u8ddf\u8e2a\u6240\u6709\u5171\u8bc6\u7ec4\u4e2d\u7684\u5757\u5934\/\u6210\u6279\u5757\u5934\uff08\u8fde\u5f29\u6316\u77ff\uff09\uff0c\u8be5\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e3a\uff1a<strong><em>BlockHeadSize\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>\u00d7\u00a0<strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0\/\u00a0<strong><em>BlockInterval<\/em><\/strong>\uff08<strong><em>BlockHeadSize<\/em><\/strong>\u4e3a\u5757\u5934\u7684\u5143\u6570\u636e\uff0c<strong><em>BlockInterval<\/em><\/strong>\u4e3a\u51fa\u5757\u95f4\u9694\uff09\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5168\u8282\u70b9\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4ecd\u65e7\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u5f00\u9500\u3002<strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong>\u603b\u80fd\u5927\u5230\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u672c\u5730\u5e26\u5bbd\u88ab\u8017\u5c3d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u672c\u6587\u4e3b\u8981\u53c2\u8003\u548c\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u8bba\u6587\u548c\u738b\u5609\u5e73\u8001\u5e08\u77e5\u4e4e\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u539f\u7406\u56fe\u7247\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7ed9\u51fa\u76f8\u5173\u94fe\u63a5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u738b\u5609\u5e73\u8001\u5e08\u7684\u77e5\u4e4e\u6587\u7ae0\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/56065714\">https:\/\/zhuanlan.zhihu.com\/p\/56065714<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bba\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi19\/presentation\/wang-jiaping\">https:\/\/www.usenix.org\/conference\/nsdi19\/presentation\/wang-jiaping<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Wang J, Wang H. Monoxide: Scale out blockchains with asynchronous consensus zones[C]\/\/16th USENIX symposium on networked systems design and implementation (NSDI 19). 2019: 95-112. \u4e3a\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u53ef\u62d3\u5c55\u6027\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u8c03\u8282\u533a\u5757\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u505a DAG\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u94fe\u4e0b\u6269\u5bb9\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u505a\u5206\u7247\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u65b9\u6848\u90fd\u6709\u5171\u540c\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6027\u80fd\u4e0a\u4e0d\u6765 &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/?p=550\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":579,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blockchain"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=550"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":587,"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/550\/revisions\/587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/579"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ndnlab.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}